RCET: Research Center for Educational Technology

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Online Learning

When she came to RCET, Karen Swan brought with her a strong research interest in online learning that has become an important part of the center’s research agenda.  RCET’s focus in exploring online learning, as it is in all areas, is concerned with the effects of technology on teaching and learning.  In the case of online learning, it is especially focused on the unique affordances and constraints online learning environments bring to learning processes.

APEC Cyber Academy

This project implements and investigates a networked learning environment designed specifically for K-12 students across the Asia-Pacific Region. Based on learner-centered pedagogy, ACA focuses on designing project-based learning programs and building up a rich international learning community. The intent of ACA is to provide a virtual place for students and teachers to explore all the advantages of the Internet in education. It is funded by the Asian Pacific Economic Cooperative (APEC) and the Ministry of Education in Taiwan.

Publications
Chou, C. C., Lin, C. S., van’t Hooft, M., & Lin, Y. (2008). Engaging diverse secondary students in international collaborative networked learning. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 1(1), 1-14. http://www.sicet.org/jetde/jetde08/paper04.pdf

Lin, C.-S., Lin, Y., van 't Hooft, M., Chou, C. C., Ma, J.-T., & Chen, Y.-R. (2008). Exploring tangible and virtual learning communities in virtual learning worlds. Proceedings of World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2008 (pp. 1081-1088). June 30- July 4, 2008. Chesapeake, VA: AACE.

Chou, C. C., Lin, C.-S., van ‘t Hooft, M., & Lin, Y. (2008). Factors influencing the participation and perceptions of Asian K-12 students in global networked learning. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 5(7). 31-42. http://www.itdl.org/Journal/Jul_08/Jul_08.pdf or http://www.itdl.org/Journal/Jul_08/article04.htm

van ‘t Hooft, M. Lin, Y., Lin, C., & Chou, C. (2008). APEC Cyber Academy: A networked learning environment. In L. Tomei (Ed.), The encyclopedia of instructional technology curriculum integration (pp. 43-48). Hershey, PA: Idea Group References. Available at http://www.igi-global.com/downloads/pdf/Tomei43.pdf  See also http://www.igi-global.com/reference/details.asp?id=7304

Lin, C.-S., Kuo, M.-S., Lin, Y.-M., Chou, C.C., & van ‘t Hooft, M. (2007). Facilitating virtual learning communities with inhabited virtual learning worlds. Proceedings of the World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2007 (pp. 3638-3643). June 25-29, 2007.Chesapeake, VA: AACE.

Lin, C-S., Chou, C., Lin, Y, van ‘t Hooft, M., & Tsao, Y-F. (2007). Game-based learning and international virtual learning community: Eternal efforts of APEC Cyber Academy and keys to the future in English learning. Executive report submitted to the Ministry of Education, Taiwan.

Presentations
Chou, C., Lin, C. S., van ‘t Hooft, M., & Lin, Y. (March 2009). Analysis of student interaction in an international networked collaborative learning environment for K-12 learners.  Paper proposal submitted to CAL09, Living in Digital Worlds. Brighton, United Kingdom (Accepted).

Lin, C. S., Lin, Y., van ‘t Hooft, M., Chen, Y. R., & Kuo, M. S. (March 2009). Learning behaviors of school students in virtual learning worlds. Paper proposal submitted to CAL09, Living in Digital Worlds. Brighton, United Kingdom.

van ‘t Hooft, M. (October 2008). APEC Cyber Academy and ICT: International collaboration technology. Keynote presentation at the ACA 2008 Conference on ICT in Education and Global Virtual Learning Communities, Tainan, Taiwan.

Lin, C.-S., Lin, Y., van ‘t Hooft, M., Chou, C., Ma, J. T., & Chen, Y.-R. (July 2008). Exploring tangible and virtual learning communities in virtual learning worlds. Paper presentation at the ED-MEDIA: World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia, and Telecommunications. Vienna, Austria.

Thombs, M., Chou, C., Gillis, M., Lin, C.-S., & van 't Hooft, M. (July 2008).  Creating technology rich, culturally responsive learning experiences for ESL students. Poster presentation at the 2008 NECC Conference, San Antonio, TX.

van ‘t Hooft, M., Chou, C., Lin, C.-S., & Lin, Y. (February 2008). International Learning Community, PBL, and Game-Based Learning: APEC Cyber Academy. Teacher display at the 2008 eTech Ohio Educational Technology Conference, Columbus, OH.

van ‘t Hooft, M., Chou, C., Lin, Y., & Lin, C-S. (November 2007). International learning community, PBL, and game-based learning: APEC Cyber Academy. Poster presentation proposal submitted to the 87th Annual Conference of the National Council for the Social Studies, San Diego, CA.

Lin, C-S., Chou, C., van ‘t Hooft, M., & Lin, Y. (November 2007). APEC Cyber Academy: Evaluation of International Learning Programs and Strategies for Enhancement. Presentation at the 2007 NACOL Virtual School Symposium, Louisville, KY.

Chou, C., Lin, C-S., van ‘t Hooft, M., & Lin, Y. (October 2007). Comparison of motivation factors in the participation of networked learning between American and Asian students. Paper presentation at the 2007 E-Learn Conference, Quebec City, Canada.

Lin, C., Kuo, M., Lin, Y., Chou, C., & van ‘t Hooft, M. (June 2007). Facilitating virtual learning communities with inhabited virtual learning worlds. Poster presentation at the ED-MEDIA: World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia, and Telecommunications. Vancouver, Canada.

van ‘t Hooft, M., Chou, C., Lin, Y, & Lin, C. (June 2007) International Learning Community, PBL, and Game-Based Learning: APEC Cyber Academy. Poster presentation at the 2007 annual National Educational Computing Conference (ISTE), Atlanta, Georgia.

van ‘t Hooft, Chou, C., Lin, Y., & Lin, C. (February 2007). International learning community, PBL, and game-based learning: APEC Cyber Academy. Presentation at the 2007 eTech Ohio Educational Technology Conference. Columbus, OH.

 

Assessment & the Shaping of Online Collaboration

This ongoing line of research investigates the relationship between the ways in which participation in online course discussions is assessed and students’ discussion participation behaviors using a variety of methods, including quantitative content analysis and most recently a quasi-experimental quantitative study involving eight undergraduate classes.   Not surprisingly, findings from this research indicate that the ways in which participation is assessed can significantly affect discussion behavior.  In particular, they suggest that criteria for assessing discussion postings encourage interactivity and collaboration, and that specific criteria can shape the character of discussions.  Content analyses also link the quality of discussion postings to learning outcomes.

Publications
Ho, C-H, & Swan, K. (2007). Evaluating online conversation in an asynchronous learning environment:  An application of Grice’s Cooperative Principle. The Internet and Higher Education, 10, 3-14.

Swan, K., Schenker, J., Arnold, S. & Kuo, C-L. (2007). Shaping online discussion: Assessment matters. e-Mentor, 1 (18), 78-82.

Swan, K., Shen, J. & Hiltz, R. (2006). Assessment and collaboration in online learning. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 10 (1), 45-62.
     
Swan, K. (2006). Online collaboration: introduction to the special issue. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 10 (1), 3-5.

Swan, K. Shen, J., & Hiltz, R. (2006). Assessment and collaboration in online learning. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 10 (1), 45-62.

Presentations
Swan, K. (October 2008). Assessing online and blended learning: Research, effective practices, and data-driven decision making. Fayetteville, NC: Center for Innovation in Teaching and Learning, Fayetteville State University.

Swan, K. (July 2008) Assessing online and blended learning: Research. Springfield, IL: New Century Learning Consortium.

Swan, K. (June 2008). Assessing the impact of technology on learning. EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative Web Seminar.

Swan, K., Shenker, J., Arnold, S., & Kuo, C-L. (June 2007). Shaping online discussion: assessment matters. Vancouver: World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications (ED-MEDIA 2007).

Swan, K. (June 2007).  Assessing the effectiveness of technology innovations. South Orange, NJ:  Keynote presentation for Faculty Development Day at Seton Hall University.

Schenker, J., Swan, K., Kuo, C-L., Arnold, S. & Maxfield, M. (April 2007). Shaping online discussion: Assessment matters. Chicago, IL: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.

Gibson, D., & Swan, K. (November 2006) Pre-conference workshop: Knowing what students know: New approaches to assessing online learning. Orlando, FL:  12th Sloan-C  International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Arnold, S., Swan, K., Schenker, J., & Kuo, C-L. (November 2006). The effects of differing assessment strategies on the quality of online discussion. Orlando, FL:  12th Sloan-C  International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Swan, K. (October 2006). Assessing online discussion. Audio-conference: Instructional Technology Council.

Swan, K., & Hiltz, R. (March 2006). Assessing and encouraging collaboration in online discussion. Sloan-Consortium Online Workshop.

 

Social Presence & the Development of Community in Virtual Environments

These ongoing inter-institutional studies investigate the development of social presence in online courses and its relationships to student perceptions of satisfaction, learning, and community within online courses.  It is grounded in the Community of Inquiry model of learning online (Garrison, 2002), and uses mixed methods to integrate findings from survey data, quantitative content analyses, and qualitative interviews.  Findings show significant relationships between student perceptions of social and teaching presence, and their satisfaction, perceived learning, and sense of community in online classes.  Research to date  also suggests ways in which the design and implementation of online courses can affect all of these variables, partials out the differing affects of social and teaching presence, and indicates interesting differences in the ways students conceptualize online learning.

Publications
Swan, K., Garrison, D. R. & Richardson, J. C. (in press). A constructivist approach to online learning: the Community of Inquiry framework. In Payne, C. R. (Ed.) Information Technology and Constructivism in Higher Education: Progressive Learning Frameworks. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.

Arbaugh, J. B., Cleveland-Innes, M., Diaz, S., Garrison, D. R., Ice, P, Richardson, J. C. & Swan, K. (2008). Developing a community of inquiry instrument: testing a measure of the Community of Inquiry framework using a multi-institutional sample. The Internet and Higher Education. 11, 133-136.

Swan, K. P., Richardson, J. C., Ice, P., Garrison, D. R., Cleveland-Innes, M. & Arbaugh, J. B. (2008). Validating a measurement tool of presence in online communities of inquiry. e-mentor, 2 (24).

Swan, K., & Shih, L-F. (2005). On the nature and development of social presence in online course discussions. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 9 (3), 115-136.

Swan, K., & Shea, P. (2005). The development of virtual learning communities. In. S. R. Hiltz & R. Goldman, Learning Together Online: Research on Asynchronous Learning Networks. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 239-260.

Shea, P., Li, C-S., Swan, K., & Pickett, A. (2005). Developing learning community in online asynchronous college courses: the role of teaching presence. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 9 (4), 59-82.

Shea, P., Swan, K., & Pickett, A. (2005). Teaching presence and establishment of community in online learning environments.  In J. C. Moore (Ed), Engaging communities, Wisdom from the Sloan Consortium (pp. 53-66). Needham, MA: Sloan-C.

Swan, K. (2003). Developing social presence in online discussions. In S. Naidu (Ed), Learning and Teaching with Technology: Principles and Practices (pp. 147-164).  London: Kogan Page.

Richardson, J. C., & Swan, K. (2003). Examining social presence in online courses in relation to students' perceived learning and satisfaction. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 7 (1), 68-88.

Presentations
Arbaugh, B., Cleveland-Innes, M., Diaz, S., Garrison, D. R., Ice, P., Richardson, J., Shea, P., & Swan, K. (November 2008). Communitiy of inquiry framework: Informing instructional design and teaching in online courses (Workshop). Orlando, FL: 14th Annual Sloan-C Conference on Online Learning.

Swan, K., Richardson, J. C., Arbaugh, J. B., Cleveland-Innes, M., Diaz, S. D., Garrison, D. R., Ice, P. & Shea, P. (July 2008). Researching online communities of inquiry: New CoI survey instrument. Vienna: World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications (ED-MEDIA 2008).

Cleveland-Innes, M., Swan, K. & Garrison, D. R. (April 2008). Community connections: Implementing three presences in an online Community of inquiry. Banff, Alberta: CNIE Conference 2008.

Ice, P., Arbaugh, J. B., Cleveland-Innes, M., Diaz, S. D., Garrison, D. R., Richardson, J., Shea, P.  & Swan, K. (April 2008). Community of inquiry framework: Instrument development, validation and application. Banff, Alberta: CNIE Conference 2008.

Ice, P., Swan, K., Petty, T., Kupozynski, L. & Diaz, S. R. (March 2008). Asynchronous audio feedback: The impact on teaching and social presence. New York, NY: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.

Swan, K., Arbaugh, J. B., Cleveland-Innes, M., Diaz, S. D., Garrison, D. R., Ice, P., Richardson, J. C. & Shea, P. (March 2008). The community of inquiry framework: Development, validation, and directions for further research. New York, NY: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.

Arbaugh, J. B., Cleveland-Innes, M., Diaz, S. D., Garrison, D. R., Ice, P., Richardson, J. C., Shea, P. & Swan, K. (February 2008). The Community of inquiry framework: Validation and instrument development. Online CIDER Session. See http://cider.athabascau.ca/CIDERSessions/sessionarchive

Cleveland-Innes, M., Swan, K., Ice, P., Arbaugh, B., Diaz, S., Garrison, R., Richardson, J. & Shea, P. (November 2007). Back to the future: What’s next for the community of inquiry model?Orlando, FL: 13th Sloan-C International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Ice, P., Arbaugh, B., Diaz, S., Garrison, R., Richardson, J., Shea, P. & Swan, K. (November 2007). Community of inquiry framework: Validation and instrument development. Orlando, FL: 13th Sloan-C  International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Swan, K. (October 2007). Building knowledge-building communities online. Columbus, Ohio: Learning Communities Kick-Off: Rolling Down the Track, Ohio Learning Network Central Ohio Regional Center.

Teng, J., & Swan, K. (November 2006). Ethnicity: Another factor to consider regarding social presence in online learning. Orlando, FL:  12th Sloan-C  International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Kanuka, H., Rourke, L., Murphy, E., & Swan, K. (May 2006). Critical analysis of online learning discourse. Montreal: 2006 CADE and AMTEC Joint International Conference.

Teng, Y., & Swan, K. (April 2006). Comparisons of students’ perception of social presence in online discussion between majority and minority groups.  San Francisco: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.

Swan, K., Schenker, J. Lin, Y. M., Shea, P., & Aviv, R.  (April 2006). Student satisfaction with online learning: A concept analysis. San Francisco: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.

Swan, K., & Shih, L-F. (June/July 2005). On the nature and development of social presence in online dourse discussions. Montreal: World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications (ED-MEDIA 2005).

Shih, L-F., & Swan, K. (May/June 2005). Fostering social presence in asynchronous online class discussions. Taipei, Taiwan: Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Conference (CSCL 2005).

Swan, K., & Shih, L-F. (April 2005). On the nature and development of social presence in online course discussion. Montreal: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.

Swan, K. (April 2005). Social presence and e-Learning. IADIS Virtual MultiConference on Computer Science and Information Systems (MMCIS 2005).

Swan, K. (March 2005). The development of social presence and community in cnline courses. Milwaukee, WI:  Marquette University Online Learning Faculty Workshops.

Ingram A., & Swan, K. (November 2004). Computer-mediated communications and learning communities workshop.  Orlando, FL: Tenth Annual Sloan-C International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Swan, K. (March 2004). Supporting the development of eLearning communities. Oldenburg, Germany: Third European Distance and E-Learning Network Research Workshop.

Swan, K. (November 2003). Divergent thinking, multiple perspectives and online discussion. Orlando, FL: Ninth Annual Sloan-C International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Sarlin, D., Gisler, C., & Swan, K. (April 2003). Responsible selection: Synchronous or asynchronous communication tools and patterns of engagement in online courses. Chicago, IL: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.

Shih, L-F., & Swan, K. (April 2003). Building a knowledge building community: Investigating the effect of social presence on interactions and learning in online class discussions. Chicago, IL: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.

 

Factors Affecting Learning Online

This ongoing work is theoretical and deals with making sense of emerging research and theory on online learning.  Its focus is on theoretical frames that help us understand how best to support and enhance learning in online environments.  It also seeks to identify factors (such as course design, interface issues, online discussion, learner characteristics, and teaching behaviors) that affect student learning in online courses, characteristics of online environments that afford and/or constrain learning within them, and best practices in online learning.

Publications
Swan, K. (2007). Research on online students, faculty, institutions. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 11 (1), 55-59.

Swan, K. (2007). Threaded discussion. In C. Howard, J. Boettcher, L. Justice, K. Schenk, G. Berg & P. Rogers (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Distance and Online Learning, 2nd Edition. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Reference.

Swan, K. (2005, 2007). Threaded discussion. In C. Howard, J. Boettcher, L. Justice, K. Schenk, G. Berg & P. Rogers (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Distance Learning. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Reference.

Swan, K. (2005).  A constructivist model for thinking about learning online. In J. Bourne & J. C. Moore (Eds), Elements of Quality Online Education, Vol 6: Engaging Communities (pp13-30). Needham, MA: Sloan-C.

Goldman, R., Crosby, M., Swan, K., & Shea, P. (2005). Qualitative methods for describing learning in asynchronous learning network research.  In. S. R. Hiltz & R. Goldman, Learning Together Online: Research on Asynchronous Learning Networks (pp. 103-120). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Swan, K. (2004). Issues of interface. European Journal of Open and Distance Education. www.eurodl.org

Swan, K. (2004). Learning online: A review of current research on issues of interface, teaching presence and learner characteristics.  In J. Bourne & J. C. Moore (Eds) Elements of Quality Online Education, Vol. 5: Into the Mainstream (pp. 63-79). Needham, MA: Sloan Center for Online Education.

Swan, K. Bowman, J., Vargas, J., Schweig, S, & Holmes, A. (2005). Making sense on the information superhighway.  Journal of the Research Center for Educational Technology, 1 (1).

Rogers, D. & Swan, K. (2004). Self-regulated learning and Internet searching: The applicability of Corno and Mandinach’s model of cognitive engagement. Teachers College Record, 106 (9), 1804-1824.

Swan, K. (2003). Learning effectiveness: what the research tells us. In J. Bourne & J. C. Moore (Eds) Elements of Quality Online Education, Vol. 4:  Practice and Direction (pp. 13-45). Needham, MA: Sloan Center for Online Education.

Presentations
Hartman, J., Niemiec, M. Otte, G., Picciano, P., Swan, K., Vignare, K. (November 2008). Blending with purpose (Workshop). Orlando, FL: 14th Annual Sloan-C Conference on Online Learning.

Chaloux, B., Benke, M., Bourne, J., Miller, G., Picciano, A. & Swan, K. (November 2008). The future of Sloan-C: A conversation for institutional members. Orlando, FL: 14th Annual Sloan-C Conference on Online Learning.

Swan, K. (April 2008). Blending with purpose: The worksheet. Chicago, IL: Blended Learning and Higher Education Workshop

Picciano, A. G., Seaman, J., Allen, E. & Swan, K. (March 2008). Examining the extent and nature of online learning in American education: A symposium on the research initiatives of the Alfred P. Sloan Consortium. New York, NY: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.

Swan, K. (January 2008). Taking learning to the next level. Newark, DE: University of Delaware Winter Faculty Institute Keynote Address.

Sax, B., Swan, K., Picciano, A., Clerkin, M. J., Boltuc, P. Payne, C. & Banner Klein, P. (November 2007). The role of professor: Archetype, anachronism, or work-in-progress? Orlando, FL: 13th Sloan-C  International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Swan, K. & Dziuban, C. (November 2007). Looking forward: Where will online learning go? Orlando, FL: 13th Sloan-C  International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Niemiec, M., Vignare, K., Swan, K., Picciano, A., Otte, G. and others (November 2007) Mapping the blend. Orlando, FL: 13th Sloan-C International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Swan, K., Acker, S., Cannon, J., Ingram, A., Oaks, S. & Pelz, W. (November 2007). Ask the experts. Orlando, FL: 13th Sloan-C International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Sener, J. Robinson, D. & Swan, K. (November 2007). The new Sloan-C effective practices website. Orlando, FL: 13th Sloan-C International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Swan, K., Shea, P. & Thompson, M. (October 2007) Confronting the insurmountable opportunities of online education. Newark, NJ: New Jersey Institute of Technology.

Vignare, K. & Swan, K. (June 2007). Foundations of blending. Chicago: Sloan-C Workshop on Blended Learning and Higher Education.

Bourne, J., Oakly, B., Picciano, A., Seaman, J., & Swan, K. (November 2006). Sloan-C Summer Workshop results. Orlando, FL:  12th Sloan-C  International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Ingram, A., Swan, K., & Tipton, M. (October 2006). Quality in online learning. Columbus, OH: OLN Info Summit.

Swan, K. (September 2006). How do you know if IT is helping advance student learning?  Broomfield, CO: EDUCAUSE Learning Iniative Focus Session on Supporting Learning with Technology: Assessment’s Role.

Swan, K. (August 2006). Research about online students, faculty, and institutions.  Baltimore, MD: Sloan-C Summer 2006 ALN Workshop.

Duffy, T. M., Dziuban, C., Milter, R. C., Riel, M., Reeves, T. C., & Swan, K. (July/August 2006). Fireside Chat: Promise and reality of online learning. Pittsburg, PA: Instructional Strategies for Blended and Online Learning Conference.

Swan, K. (July/August 2006). Research and best practices for supporting online learning. Pittsburg, PA: Instructional Strategies for Blended and Online Learning Conference.

Sener, J., Swan, K., & Vignare, K. (June 2006). Managing quality in learning effectiveness. Minneapolis, MN: Annual meeting of the National University Telecommunications Network (NUTN)
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Swan, K., Vignare, K., Garrison, R., & Graham, C. (May 2006). Pedagogical principles for blended learning. Chicago: Sloan-C Workshop on Blended Learning and Higher Education.

Swan, K. (April 2006). Learning online: What the research tells us. Akron, OH: Institute for Teaching and Learning, University of Akron.

Swan, K. (March 2006). Optimizing online discussions: Tools for faculty development. Columbus, OH: Ohio Digital Commons in Education 2006.

Moore, J., Shea, P., & Swan, K. (February 2006). Measuring quality in online courses. New York: Sloan Consortium for Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Niemiec, M., Otte, G. Dzuiban, C., Bishop, T., Swan, K., Hartman, J., & Vignare, K. (November 2005). Pre-conference workshop: Blended and hybrid learning. Orlando, FL:  11th Sloan-C  International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Chaloux, B., Poley, J., Schiffman, S., Miller, G., Swan, K., Oakley, B., Bourne, J., Niemiec, M., & Picciano, A. (November 2005). Pre-conference workshop: Research issues in online learning. Orlando, FL:  11th Sloan-C  International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks. 

Swan, K., Bishop, T., & Sener, J. (November 2005). Closing panel: Reflections and next steps. Orlando, FL:  11th Sloan-C  International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Swan, K. (March 2005). Learning effectiveness: What the research tells us. Milwaukee, WI:  Marquette University Online Learning Faculty Workshops.

Swan, K., Hiltz, R., Ingram, A., & Theroux, J. (March 2005). How can online be better than on-ground? Sloan-Consortium Online Workshop.

Swan, K., Pelz, B., & Shea, P. (February 2005). Pedagogy 101 for distance learning. Dallaz, TX: Dallas County Community College, Satellite Video Series on Teaching and Learning for the 21st Century.

Swan, K. (February 2005). Learning effectiveness: What the research tells us. Springfield, IL:  UIS Conference on Online Learning.

Benke, M., Bishop, T., Sener, J., Swan, K., & Thompson, M. (November 2004). Plenary Panel: Reflections and next steps. Orlando, FL: Tenth Annual Sloan-C International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Swan, K. (September 2004). Constructivism and online learning. Wellsley, MA: Sixth Annual Sloan-C Invited Workshops on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Polhemus, L., Danchak, M., Assis, A., & Swan, K. (November 2004). A cyclic approach to online course design. Orlando, FL: Tenth Annual Sloan-C International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Swan, K. (August 2004). What are the most effective ways to design and conduct courses to improve learning? Spring 2004 Sloan-C Online Learning Research Workshop.

Swan, K. (August 2004). Interface matters: what research says about the mediating effects of course interfaces. Madison, WI: 20th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning.
 
Polhemus, L., Danchak, M., & Swan, K. (April 2004). Adaptive presentation for learning styles: Reflective online teaching. San Diego, CA: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.

Swan, K. (March 2004). What are the most effective ways to design and conduct courses to develop higher order learning? Spring 2004 Sloan-C Online Learning Research Workshop.

Hardy, D., Swan, K., Bishop, T., & Brey, R. (March/April 2004). Sloan panel on quality and cost effectiveness. Galveston Island, TX: TxDLA 2004 Conference.

Swan, K. (March 2004). Issues of interface. Oldenburg, Germany: Third European Distance and E-Learning Network Research Workshop.

Benke, M., Bishop, T., Moore, J. Sener, J., Swan, K., & Thompson, M. (November 2003). Sloan Consortium cracker barrel workshop. Orlando, FL: Ninth Annual Sloan-C International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Benke, M., Bishop, T., Sener, J., Swan, K., & Thompson, M. (November 2003). Reflections and next steps. Orlando, FL: Ninth Annual Sloan-C International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Swan, K. (Novermber 2003). Issues of interface. Saratoga Springs, NY: SUNY Teaching, Learning and Technology Workshops.

Swan, K. (September 2003). Learning effectiveness. Wellsley, MA: Fifth Annual Sloan-C Invited Workshops on Asynchronous Learning Networks.

Gibson, T., Bishop, T., Swan, K., Trollip, S., & Wisher, B. (August 2003). Benchmarks and milestones for measuring quality.  Madison, WI: 19th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning.

Swan, K. (June 2003). The effectiveness of online learning: A review of the literature. Honolulu, HI: ED-MEDIA 2003.

Polhemus, L. , Swan, K. Danchak, M., & Rubenfeld, L. (April 2003). Online learning forum: An RPInteractive professional development. Chicago, IL: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.

Swan, K. (April 2003). Efficacy of online learning: What do we know? What do we need to find out? Chicago, IL: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.

 

Internet Searching: Strategies & Sense Making (1998 – 2002)

This set of projects examined Internet searching and information gathering in terms of cognitive models of self-regulation and text understanding in traditional settings using mixed methods.  Findings suggest that the Corno & Mandinach model of self-regulation can be applied to Internet searching behaviors, and accordingly taught, but that but that print-based models of reading comprehension need to be expanded to include more complex notions of texts and a greater emphasis on valuing and interacting behaviors.

Swan, K. Bowman, J., Vargas, J., Schweig, S., & Holmes, A. (2005). Making Sense on the Information Superhighway. Journal of the Research Center for Educational Technology, Winter, 2004/2005. http://www.rcetj.org/?type=art&id=42&

Rogers, D., & Swan, K. (2004). Self-regulated learning and Internet searching: the applicability of Corno and Mandinach’s model of cognitive engagement. Teachers College Record, 106 (9), 1804-1824. http://www.tcrecord.org/Content.asp?ContentID=11671